in the late '20s Parker introduced a line of small pastel colored pens. In the '50s Esterbrook made a line of pastel purse pens. Both are today referred to as pastels.

a large high end pen from Waterman, introduced in 1929. They were a very art deco styled pen and are highly valued by collectors today. A smaller lady's pen was added called the Lady Patricia.

While there were some very early ink cartridge systems, generally the cartridge filler is considered a late fountain pen development in reaction the quick and easy refilling methods of the new ballpoints. It is standard in many contemporary pens, often found together with a more traditional piston converter insert.

The name Parker gave to its early celluoid. Parker made its first plastic pens in late 1926.

a nib/section assembly introduced by Wahl in 1929. It permitted the nib and feed to be screwed out of the section and replaced in a minute.

a very small novelty pen made by Salz in the '20s and '30s. They came in a variety of decorative finishes and as either eyedropper or lever-fillers.

A tip, shaped like a pan, that flatly meets the paper. Pan nib styles are found with steel dip pens, but e.g. Pelikan as well did offer offer the S nib - Scheibenfeder (= disc) - similar in design the the pan nib.

Parker's arrow logo first appeared on the clip of the Golden Arrow, the forerunner of the Vacumatic. The arrow was used on most subsequent Parker clips and also on nibs and other parts.

Sheaffer's popular "Pen For Men." A large snorkel-filler, the PFM came in eight grades. It also featured an inlaid nib. PFMs are highly valued by collectors and by those who uses vintage pens because it is such an excellent performer."

uses a moving gasket in the barrel similar to the piston but is operated by pumping a rod. The system was used on Sheaffer and Wahl pens in the '30s. They are difficult to restore and pens with these systems are considered somewhat less valuable than their lever-filling counterparts.

Wahl's name for the early plastic used in their first plastic pens. Practically celluloid